Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP)

Description

Sewage treatment for domestic and municipal is a type of wastewater treatment   which aims to remove contaminants from sewerage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges. Sewage contains wastewater from households and businesses and possibly pre-treated industrial wastewater. There are a high number of sewage treatment processes to choose from.

These can range from decentralized systems (including on-site treatment systems) to large centralized systems involving a network of pipes and pump stations  which convey the sewage to a treatment plant. For cities that have a combined sewer, the sewers will also carry urban runoff (stormwater) to the sewage treatment plant. Sewage treatment often involves two main stages, called primary and secondary treatment, while advanced treatment also incorporates a tertiary treatment stage with polishing processes and nutrient removal. Secondary treatment can reduce organic matter  from sewage,  using aerobic or anaerobic biological processes.